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Third Quarter 2021 Social Weather Survey: Hunger falls to 10.0% of families in September 2021

by  Social Weather Stations  |  Dec 06, 2021  10:54:01 AM





  • Below 2020 ave. 21.1%, above 2019 ave. 9.3%
  • Hunger declines in all areas except in Metro Manila
  • Hunger declines among both the Poor and the Non-Poor

SWS Media Release (printer-friendly version here)

 

The national Social Weather Survey of September 12-16, 2021, found that 10.0% of family, or an estimated 2.5 million, experienced involuntary hunger – hunger due to lack of food to eat – at least once in the past three months.

The September 2021 Hunger rate is 3.6 points below the 13.6% (estimated 3.4 million families) in June 2021. It is 11.1 points below the 2020 annual average of 21.1%, but 0.7 points above the 2019 annual average of 9.3% [Charts 1 and 2, Table 1].

The resulting 13.5% average for the first three quarters of 2021 is less than for last year but has not fully recovered to pre-pandemic levels.

Hunger declines in all areas except in Metro Manila

The experience of hunger is highest in Metro Manila at 14.0% of families, followed by Balance Luzon and Mindanao, both at 10.3%, and the Visayas at 6.0%. Hunger has been worst in Metro Manila in 21 out of 95 surveys since July 1998.

The 3.6-point decline in Overall Hunger between June 2021 and September 2021 is due to decreases in all areas except in Metro Manila.

Compared to June 2021, the incidence of Hunger fell by 4.7 points in Balance Luzon, from 15.0% (est. 1.7 million families) to 10.3% (est. 1.2 million families). This is the lowest Hunger rate in this area since the 6.3% in December 2019 [Charts 3-7, Tables 2-6].

It fell by 4.7 points in Mindanao, from 15.0% (est. 863,000 families) to 10.3% (est. 595,000 families). This is the lowest since the 9.0% in June 2019.

It fell by 2.3 points in the Visayas, from 8.3% (est. 396,000 families) to 6.0% (est. 285,000 families). This is the lowest Hunger rate in this area since the 6.0% in September 2018.

However, it stayed at 14.0% (est. 473,000 families) in Metro Manila from June 2021 to September 2021.

Moderate Hunger 7.9%, Severe Hunger 2.1%

The 10.0% Hunger rate in September 2021 is the sum of 7.9% (est. 2.0 million families) who experienced Moderate Hunger and 2.1% (est. 534,000 families) who experienced Severe Hunger.

Moderate Hunger refers to those who experienced hunger “Only Once” or “A Few Times” in the last three months. Meanwhile, Severe Hunger refers to those who experienced it “Often” or “Always” in the last three months.

In June 2021, Moderate Hunger was 11.5% (est. 2.9 million families), and Severe Hunger was 2.1% (est. 524,000 families).

In Metro Manila, Moderate Hunger and Severe Hunger are 9.7% and 4.3%, respectively, in September 2021, compared to 9.3% and 4.7% in June 2021.

In Balance Luzon, Moderate Hunger and Severe Hunger are 8.0% and 2.3%, respectively, in September 2021, compared to 13.0% and 2.0% in June 2021. The latest Moderate Hunger rate is the lowest in this area since the 5.0% in December 2019.

In the Visayas, Moderate Hunger and Severe Hunger are 5.0% and 1.0%, respectively, in September 2021, compared to 7.0% and 1.3% in June 2021. The latest Moderate Hunger rate is the lowest in this area since the 3.7% in September 2003, while the latest Severe Hunger rate is the lowest since the 0.3% in December 2019.

In Mindanao, Moderate Hunger and Severe Hunger are 9.0% and 1.3%, respectively, in September 2021, compared to 13.7% and 1.3% in June 2021. The latest Moderate Hunger rate is the lowest in this area since the 7.0% in June 2019.

Hunger declines among both the Poor and the Non-Poor

The September 2021 survey found 45% of Filipino families rating themselves as Mahirap or Poor, 34% rating themselves as Borderline Poor (by placing themselves on the horizontal line dividing Poor and Not Poor), and 21% rating themselves as Hindi Mahirap or Not Poor. It also found 30% of families rating themselves as Food-Poor, 44% rating themselves as Borderline Food-Poor (by placing themselves on the horizontal line dividing Food-Poor and Not Food-Poor), and 26% rating themselves Not Food-Poor (“Third Quarter 2021 Social Weather Survey: 45% of Filipino families feel Poor; 34% feel Borderline Poor, 21% feel Not Poor,” 27 November 2021, www.sws.org.ph).

From June 2021 to September 2021, the rate of Overall Hunger (i.e., Moderate plus Severe) fell among the Self-Rated Poor, from 15.7% to 14.3%. It also fell among the Non-Poor (Not Poor plus Borderline Poor) over the same period, from 11.7% to 6.5% [Chart 8].

The rate of Overall Hunger also fell among the Self-Rated Food-Poor, from 20.7% in June 2021 to 15.5% in September 2021. It also fell among the Non-Food-Poor (Not Food-Poor plus Borderline Food-Poor) from 10.2% to 7.7% [Chart 9].

Rates of Hunger among the Self-Rated Food-Poor are always higher than rates of Hunger among the Self-Rated Poor at any point in time.

Survey background

The Third Quarter 2021 Social Weather Survey was conducted from September 12 to 16, 2021, using face-to-face interviews of 1,200 adults (18 years old and above) nationwide: 300 each in Metro Manila, Balance Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. Face-to-face is the standard interviewing method for Social Weather Stations; the only exceptions were early in the pandemic when movement restrictions made face-to-face impossible and mobile phone interviews were conducted. Normal face-to-face field operations resumed in November 2020. The sampling error margins are ±3% for national percentages and ±6% for Metro Manila, Balance Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao.

The area estimates were weighted by the Philippine Statistics Authority medium-population projections for 2021 to obtain the national estimates.

The SWS survey questions on the family’s experience of hunger are directed to household heads. These items are non-commissioned and are included on SWS’s initiative and released as a public service.

The exact phrasing of the survey questions (the source language is Filipino; English translation included) was:

“Nitong nakaraang tatlong buwan, nangyari po ba kahit minsan na ang inyong pamilya ay nakaranas ng gutom at wala kayong makain? (OO, HINDI) [In the last three months, did it happen even once that your family experienced hunger and not have anything to eat? (YES, NO)].

“IF EXPERIENCED HUNGER: Nangyari po ba ‘yan ng MINSAN LAMANG, MGA ILANG BESES, MADALAS, o PALAGI? [Did it happen ONLY ONCE, A FEW TIMES, OFTEN, or ALWAYS?].”

Moderate Hunger refers to those who experienced hunger “Only Once” or “A Few Times” in the last three months, while Severe Hunger refers to those who experienced it “Often” or “Always” in the last three months.

SWS employs its own staff for questionnaire design, sampling, fieldwork, data processing, and analysis, and does not outsource any of its survey operations. This report was prepared by Leo S. Laroza.

 

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Chart 1

Chart 2

Chart 3

Chart 4

Chart 5

Chart 6

Chart 7

Chart 8

Chart 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Self-rated Poor Families 47%
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Self-rated Food Poor Families 32%
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Hunger Incidence of Families 12.6%
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Net Personal Optimism of Adults +39
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Net Economic Optimism of Adults +30
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Net Gainers among Adults +5
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Net Satisfaction of Adults with the President +47
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 
Adult Joblessness 19.5%
(as of Dec 11, 2023)
 




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